The Oldest Human Fossils in the World

Victorian Era The Start of Corruption in Moral Values

Lasting from 1837 to 1901, the Victorian Era followed the Romantic Era. Starting and ending with the reign of Queen Elizabeth, this time period is now viewed as strict, prudish, and â€Å"old fashioned,† especially in comparison to today. During those times, the people had to follow a certain standard of living; they were upright people that were modest and controlled. Society at the time adhered to rules such as wearing clothes that covered the women head to toe and abiding by the proper etiquette of following the lead of a host; these laws made the Victorian people’s lives proper. Although the Victorian people seemed to be perfect, this time was also filled with many questions and experiments, making this time period a very progressive one as†¦show more content†¦A woman and man can claim to be â€Å"in love,† and the marriage ends a year later. Not all marriages end in divorce, but it occurs more frequently than it did. Everyone today is â€Å"free t o marry who [they] want for the most part† (Moore). Likewise, those same people don’t have to worry about being shunned if they chose to divorce. The Victorian women and men, although they might not have had much choice in who they married, stuck with it and worked it out for the better. Now, marriage is based off of â€Å"physical attraction and desire† (The Courtship Ritual). These reasons do not support a good and proper marriage, causing failure. If the Victorian women had not wanted change, caused the laws to come into play, and gained more control of marriage, then marriage and society itself would not be the way it is today. The word prostitution has always been accompanied by a negative connotation. In the past, the Victorian women being in their â€Å"late teens and early twenties,† were forced into prostitution because they were usually â€Å"poor, illiterate, and from broken families† (Hickenbottom). These girls felt that they had nothing else to live for and had to support themselves so they did anything they could to survive. According to Iris Hickenbottom on her website â€Å"Prostitution: Then and Now,† â€Å"the conditions for women in the Victorian period caused many young teenagers and women to turn towards prostitution as a means of survival,† but they only stayed in the profession â€Å"untilShow MoreRelatedThe Term Illness By Elizabeth Gaskell1655 Words   |  7 Pages‘bad moral quality, condition, or character.’ Illness was often used as a measure of morality, with the perception that bad morals predisposed to illness and could be contagious like a disease. Elizabeth Gaskell explored these issues of morality – the loss and redemption of – in her English social novel, Ruth. Challenging the typical ‘fallen woman’ narrative, her sympathetic portrayal of the eponymous heroine caused a huge divide in opinion, disrupting and questioning the traditional v alues and beliefsRead MoreEnglish Literature in the Victorian Era2737 Words   |  11 Pagesin the Victorian era, a quest for meaning was seen by the majority of society as ‘lunacy’, however the characters that Stoker uses, are represented ‘sane’, suggesting Stoker’s encouragement of a quest for meaning and purpose in the Victorian era of increasing uncertainty. Along with Stoker, Charles Dickens and Lord Alfred Tennyson also address the individual’s pursuit for meaning and purpose, linking this idea specifically with themes of capitalism, class and gender inequality, corruption, freedomRead MoreRise of the Middle Class2436 Words   |  10 PagesJyoti Rana Research Scholar Dept. of English B.P.S.M.V, Khanpur RISE OF THE MIDDLE CLASS The Victorian Era is named after the Queen of England, Queen Victoria. 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Nearly every institution of societyRead MoreThe Girl By The Roadside Essay1791 Words   |  8 Pagesa transition which eventually proved to be successful as many of the systems and innovations of the time were perfected, leading to the future more competitive nature of Universal Pictures during the classical Hollywood era, as well as, the wildly popular film industry of this era which continues to amaze and entertain audiences even after its divestment. Based on the sparse supply of reviews from contemporary trade journals and newspapers, it is clear that the basic narrative of the film revolvesRead MoreEssay about D. H. Lawrences The Rocking-Horse Winner1535 Words   |  7 PagesHester wants to have nice things not for happiness, but for a status which she believes will make her happy. This is ironic because the more she receives the worse the echoes of emptiness become. The house practically screams for â€Å"more money† when Paul starts winning at the races. Hester, like the echoes of her home, has an insatiable avarice. The void she feels she cannot fill, she tries to fill with money and acceptance which is based on wealth which she pretends to have. The people who admire her perfectRead MoreGothic Literature and Romantic Literature2607 Words   |  11 PagesNovels, written in various styles, maintain their value because each one presents the reader with a new thought to consider. Sometimes however, rather than expandi ng on an entirely new style to â€Å"suggest a thought† authors borrow characteristics from other novels to express themselves. These borrowed traits are then molded into a new shape. Authors from the Romanticism era did just that. They borrowed traits from Gothic literature to express their thoughts. Although the novels are unique and valuedRead More Biography of Marcus Mosiah Garvey Essay examples3604 Words   |  15 Pagesmovement and started black people on the road to rebuttal against the years of oppression and racism they had endured. Black communities all over the world were being oppressed and they needed a charismatic individual to come and take them into the new era of Black restoration. When Marcus was 27 years old in 1914 he started the United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in Jamaica. This program did exactly what the name says. It turned into an international organization to help black people economicallyRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Harold Pinter s The Room 9709 Words   |  39 Pagesperformed, to establish peace and stability in a state or country, when in reality it only leads to destruction of life and property and has long term effects such as poverty, scarcity of basic necessities, discrimination, increase in crime and corruption. 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How Will You Avoid Plagiarism Commerce Essay Free Essays

Leadership is a quality to direct the people but what is more of import than an ability to direct is to procure obeisance from the audience about that way. Peoples are a crowd and to carry and actuate them to travel for something jointly is the undertaking of leading. A leader knits these people into a squad and so steer how to move in integrity. We will write a custom essay sample on How Will You Avoid Plagiarism Commerce Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now A leader motivates his squad with his action, personality and personal appeal to follow and execute the undertaking given whole heartedly. However, this function of leading is excessively general and seems easy to execute. This undertaking becomes more and more hard when there is a demand of persuasion to travel for martyrdom. In uniformed services, be it arm forces, constabulary, fire brigade or any other, the employees are non merely like any other employee in civil set ups. Their functions and responsibilities are different from all the others and hence needs a different kind of motivational degree to execute their hazardous responsibilities. It must be kept in head that during the public presentation of responsibilities, there is a hazard of life which is otherwise negligible in any service other than those mentioned above. UK constabulary is one of the most professional constabulary force around the universe and is known for their professionalism, dedication, public presentation and motivational committedness toward their responsibilities and state as a whole. Like any other force, it needs motive to transport on its committedness degree. On organisational degree, there are a figure of motivational factors and theories which are working to maintain this motivational degree at the top of the universe, but there is another factor which provides a roadmap for the organisation towards professional committednesss. This is leading. Leadership is the beacon visible radiation for the employees and a leader by his stature, committedness, and energy to execute his responsibilities impress upon the other employees and actuate them for the martyrdom in public presentation of their responsibilities. On many cases there are a figure of known leaders in the history of UK patroling who have provide a motivational base for the employees and the impacts of the same travelled a long manner and kept the constabulary section proud for times to come. The function of leading has a relationship with the motivational degree of the organisation. 3. Preliminary Review of the Literature Give a brief critical reappraisal of the literature that you have read in composing the proposal and explicate how these mentions relate to your undertaking. Do n’t bury to give a list of beginnings used ( a lower limit of 6 ) – usage the Harvard Referencing system. Have you a conceptual model? If so, include. Justify the demand for the research in relation to the literature you have reviewed.. Motivation has a long history among states, ground forcess, offices and squads. Psychologically, human ecrus in hunt for grounds to execute any undertaking and he may happen it in faith, responsibility or cause. But for the grounds he has to be convinced about the action he is traveling to execute. It needs motive and encouragement. There is a batch of literature available on motive in signifier of theory X and Y, Malsaw ‘s theory of demand and hierarchy of demands. Similarly there are theories approximately leading as great event theory, trait theory etc to specify the function and nature of leading. Role of Leadership in motive is farther deliberated at that place. Robbins construct of motive, 1999 forwards the followerss ground for motive: All physical activity is preceded by mental action of some kind. All behavior is end directed and aims to accomplish some coveted province of personal businesss. Persons seek to maximize pleasance and minimise hurting and un-pleasantries. Similarly, Motivation can be considered as the rousing, way and care of human behavior toward achieving some end † ( Buelens et al. 2006 ) To increase motive among the employees D. McGregor ( 1960 ) finds two utmost logics. One as theory and the other as theory Y. harmonizing to theory Ten it is natural for human to dislike work and they will withstand the work whenever they will hold the chance. But in theory Y he finds that it is natural for human existences to work as they need nutrient and slumber. Merely motive they need is acknowledgment of their work. These both theories have their ain virtues and demerits. In leading theories, these are the leaders who perform motivation tools and are polar for the success of any organisation. Leader might be born or made but the common trait they must hold is their bid over their people and to procure their obeisance. 4. Research Questions and Aims Here you should compose your research inquiries as they emerge from the background and critical literature reappraisal. Develop these into 3-5 specific research aims that begin with toaˆÂ ¦ and usage higher degree verbs e.g. to place, explore, measure, look into, explicate, depict, etc. Purposes and aim of the research: In this survey our chief focal point remains on the relationship between motivational degree of an organisation and function of leading. This survey is based on instance survey of UK police section and will stay chiefly focal point to the motivational theories being applied in UK constabulary section, leading theories being practiced and function theoretical accounts of the constabulary section. In instance of these function theoretical accounts, we will look into their manner, theoretical accounts of leading, personal part toward the motivational degree of organisation and part in development of leading theoretical accounts and theories with specific mention to patrol force. In order to accomplish the intent and to avoid any divergence during the survey, following purposes and aims has been defined: Study the motivational degree of the employees in UK constabulary section as comparison to other forces and so far as possible a comparative analysis of UK police section ‘s motivational degree with a few others. Motivational theories and application of these motivational theories in constabulary section as comparison to other services which are working in the civil side and corporations. Leadership theoretical accounts and survey of the best applicable theoretical account of leading for a force like UK constabularies section Study and rating of function of leading in motive particularly in constabularies force Role theoretical accounts in UK constabularies and their imprints on the section In order to accomplish these purpose and aims, we will look profoundly in the established organic structure of literature in general and for constabulary and other armed forces in peculiar. Research inquiry: In order to maintain the survey focal point and consequence oriented, following research inquiry has been framed: Does the leading motives the employees to in accomplishment of professional and national responsibilities? 5. Research Plan This is the most of import subdivision. A clear description of the three stages of the Research Plan is required: Perspective/general attack Design for run intoing your aims Data Collection Methods What is the entree and trying scheme ( including sample Numberss ) ? How will the informations be analysed and presented? What are the restrictions of your research? Comment briefly on cogency, dependability and generalisability. Note: This subdivision is non meant to be a reappraisal of the literature on research methods by and large. Research methodological analysis: In our instance there are two research methods which might be applied as per literature of the research methodological analysis in order to specify the way and tools of research to continue farther. Choice of these methods is chiefly dependent on our purposes and aims defined for the intent of the survey. In visible radiation of these purposes and aims we have to choose the method as to positivism and interpretism. Interpretism is method to construe the occurrences traveling on around us and to explicate the same and really much applicable in explicating natural occurrences. On the other manus, positivism is believed to be applicable in all those instances where research worker wants to explicate the insouciant relationship between two dependent variables and aid in theory edifice procedure in the terminal. â€Å" Positivism has a long and rich historical tradition. It is so embedded in our society that cognition claims non grounded in rationalist idea are merely dismissed as a scientific and hence invalid † ( Hirschheim, 1985, p.33 ) In our research, we have selected the method of positivism being most applicable in our instance. Research Approachs: Research attacks are meant to specify the agencies and methods to carry on a research so that a concrete program for the executing of the research plan could be conducted in the most befitting mode. A research attack helps the research to travel for techniques of informations aggregation and analysis thereof, reading of consequences and a aid to border attendant theories. ( Collin A ; Hussey, 2003 ) There are two types of attacks in this respect. One is qualitative and the other is quantitative. In researches where there are state of affairs and researches to specify and happen qualitative relationship between the two factors and inductive theoretical account of thought is followed. It is affirmatory instead than confirmative in nature. ( Saunders et al, 2007 ) . Whereas quantitative attack is chiefly meant to prove the hypothesis through experimental ways by agencies of facts and figures put into the established theorem to prove their cogency. Quantitative research is believed to be the best where quantifiable figures could be generated like natural scientific disciplines. In our research faculty, the best option as to near toward the research is qualitative method. In our research, we are aimed to attest the research inquiry as to avowal of relationship between two abstract things, i.e. , leading and motive and to prove relationship between the two. Quantitative attack emphasized on the confirmation of hypothesis through scientific methods like experiments and are often been used in scientific research particularly in natural scientific disciplines. In our instance, we have adopted the attack of qualitative research. 3.3 Research Strategy — Surveies: In research doctrine, the basic parametric quantities of research attack, tools and methods have been discussed. Research scheme is the pant and package of that research design and it focuses on the choice of informations aggregation tools to look into the affair and to fulfill the purposes and aims of the survey already specified. As we have adopted for positive design of the research, maintaining in position the qualitative attack, the appropriate manner of informations aggregation in this instance will be studies. My basic tool would stay interviews and studies. 3.4 Data Collection method: Data Collection is the pivot for successful and consequence oriented research. A information compromised survey leads toward catastrophe and ailment founded consequences and it is hence emphasized by the research workers for a healthy and reliable informations aggregation activity in any research. Data are of two types: Primary informations and Secondary informations. Primary information is one which is collected for the first clip and is specific for the intent of survey. It is ever to the point and its aggregation Techniques corresponds with the purposes and aims of the survey. Whereas, in instance of Secondary informations, the information is collected ab initio for some intent other than the research. Secondary beginnings are available in signifier of statistical studies, electronic information bases, libraries hunts, books, diaries etc. For the intent of this research chief focal point shall stay on primary informations aggregation through studies in signifier of questionnaire. However, wheresoever required, adequate aid from the secondary beginnings will be utilized to the best of this research. 3.5 Strengths of the Methodology: The truth of consequences of a research predominately depends upon the methodological analysis adopted. No 1 can deny the importance of methodological analysis. It is the glass through which a research worker sees the truth behind the dust of intuition and goes beyond the universe of what and why ( Burks 2001 ) . Methodology adopted in this instance is based on qualitative research and conducted through the tool of Surveys. In this method, research worker has a direct entree to the individual under survey and all looks and behavior is known to him. Although, it would be subjective to cipher behavior of the topic under survey but in this instance disciplinary steps and extra information, if required, are possible to recover and to do the record heterosexual. As in this survey, study is to be conducted through questionnaire prepared for this intent but still the last inquiry is kept unfastened to measure the behavior every bit good extra information topics want to supply. The first manus cognition and accent on primary informations makes this survey dependable and intimate. 3.6 Restriction of the methodological analysis: There is a factor of confidentiality which might move as confining factor for the survey. 6. Ethical Considerations What we are looking for here is a treatment of any ethical issues raised by your peculiar proposal and how you propose to manage them. You will necessitate to admit and follow the There are no evident ethical issues foreseen to originate out of our proposal. 7 Timetable and any particular resources required Include a Gantt chart. Alert us to any peculiar jobs you are likely to confront. Time frame: Activity Four Calendar month 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Read Literature Ten Ten Finalize Aims Ten Ten Read methodological analysis literature Ten Ten Proposal Ten Ten Case surveies Ten Ten Ten Ten Gather Data Ten Ten Ten Ten Analyze informations Ten Ten Ten Ten Update literature read Ten Ten Draft to supervisors Feed Ten Ten Revision Draft Ten Ten Print A ; Bind Ten Submission Ten How to cite How Will You Avoid Plagiarism Commerce Essay, Essay examples

Business Writing Corporate Social Responsibility

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Writingfor Corporate Social Responsibility. Answer: Introduction The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) dictates that business procedures must include ethical measures that could bring positive outcomes for employees as well as for community members (Schoeneborn and Trittin, 2013, pp. 193). In this consideration, the issues like pollution, social procedures, psychology of consumers, and integrity of social structure are key elements that need to be appropriate, in conjunction to the activities, decision, and operations performed by companies. Likewise, the term Greenwashing refers to the market image of companies which reflect that they are doing right thing that are worthy from economic, political, legislative, and social perspectives (Crane, Matten and Spence, 2013, pp. 3). According to Carroll et al. (2010), the most critical question that arises from stakeholders (consumers and investors) is that in what measures they should track the activities and rationale behind decision making process. It is noteworthy to mention that more information is essential for the stakeholders such that they can figure out the ethical and optimal practices. According to Carrolls four categories of CSR, economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities for which society has expectation from any organisation. On the other hand, business people usually things of firms performance that can fulfil institutional and social needs in conjunction with economic, financial, and profitability expectations. Overall, the definition of CSR is based on commitment towards improvement of community well-being as well as appropriate corporate resource utilization with adoption of discretionary business practices (Vries, 2015, pp. 142). In the present time, there are several cases of companies, in which their service measures, manufacturing process, packaging and disposal, promotional measures, as well as financial responsibilities are of great concern for discussion. For example, the promotional measure used by McDonald must not promote high-level attraction to children, which can increase risk of childhood obesity. Similarly, for Google Apps they are reflecting their CSR measures by not promoting porn website opening with voice commands. Another example can be obtained from Ford Motors as they are involved in RD activities to bring disruptive technology that can control carbon emission which contributes to reduction in green-house gas emission. The mentioned activates reflect how the companies are contributing positively towards social development and protection (Illia, 2013, pp. 2). Other than this, there are also examples of companies that support the social development by contributing significantly for social c auses. For example, ITC Company supports education for poor people, Nestle Company offer free food campaign and health check-up camps for women and children. The corresponding outcome of these measures is that company can show their contribution towards development of society, gain competitive advantage, and collect evidence that their activities are complying with legislative framework of national and international interest. In essence of managing CSR activities, there is a keen requirement of maintaining the bottom line and improves the procedural requirement. According to Tsagas et al. (2012), such audit and performance evaluation are mainly managed with documentation. The rationale behind documentation provision is to preserve evidence, such that during the evaluation and audit process, distinction between performance measures and ethical orientation can be made. Likewise, documentation will also be helpful in making differentiation between CSR outcomes with reference to macro-s ocial level and organisational level. It is noteworthy to mention that documentation criteria are the key reason that companies are nowadays representing their engagement in CSR in the form of Greenwashing (Pope and Wraas, 2015, pp. 1). The key factor that mainly motivates this greenwashing provision is that companies can gain competitive advantage, attract customers with good message, can obtain easy certification from local and national government by complying with regulations, and manage their functional and economic liabilities. With these requirements, it is clearly justified that CSR claim is more compared to that greenwashing. The reason is clearly reflective with the fact that mere paper representation for contribution towards society, environment, and national development is not the requirement of present hours; rather there needs a substantial requirement for authentic responsibility-profitability connections (Crane, Matten and Spence, 2013, pp. 3). The quantitative analysis of these requirements can be performed based on portfolio comparison using theoretical framework as well as constructed model. Importantly, the analysis must be made using threshold level of time constraints, risk adjustment, and re-weighting of portfolios based on market status and resource availability. Likewise, the impact on social and environmental issues must be analysed using short-term contract and benchmarking testing. According to a report by Salzmann et al. (2005), the lack of optimal effort in terms of empirical testing as well as significance testing may reflect adequate greenwashing strategies; irrespective of having exact positive outcomes. According to several organisation such as International Labour Organisation, Grameen Bank in Asia, Department for Business Innovation (UK), and Foreign Affairs and International Trade have specified their CSR objectives. The significance of these framework is that the approach and their productivity in terms of outcome can be evaluated using any survey and interview results. The core characteristics of CSR activities thus demand voluntary steps in terms of managing externalities and aligning with multiple stakeholder orientation, such that their contribution towards customers, practice values in favour of community members, and alignment with reference to social and economic issues should be reflective with adequate transparency. In another report by Crane et al. (2013), the authors have highlighted that CSR framework actually varies according to their firm size. For example, formalisation of CSR in large firms aim toward formal and bureaucratised, whereas the same in a medium/small sized firm is informal in nature. The rationale behind this differentiation is linked with aims such as building corporate brand and managing public legitimacy for large firms. In contrast, for small sized firms, is only limited to building trust and framing networks with personal relationship to customers. Hence, it will be worthy to state that CSR part for any company should not only be stated as their mission, but should be integrated within business procedure and that it must be reflective with adequate outcomes in social and environmental context. References: Carroll, A.B. and Shabana, K.M., 2010. The business case for corporate social responsibility: A review of concepts, research and practice. International journal of management reviews, 12(1), pp.85-105. Crane, A., Matten, D. and Spence, L.J., 2013. Corporate social responsibility in a global context. Chapter in: Crane, A., Matten, D., and Spence, LJ,'Corporate Social Responsibility: Readings and Cases in a Global Context, 2, pp.3-26. Crane, A., Matten, D. and Spence, L.J., 2013. Corporate social responsibility in a global context. Chapter in: Crane, A., Matten, D., and Spence, LJ,'Corporate Social Responsibility: Readings and Cases in a Global Context, 2, pp.3-26. Illia, L., Zyglidopoulos, S.C., Romenti, S., Rodrguez-Cnovas, B. and del Valle Brena, A.G., 2013. Communicating corporate social responsibility to a cynical public. MIT Sloan Management Review, 54(3), p.2. Pope, S. and Wraas, A., 2015. CSR-Washing is Rare: A Conceptual Framework, Literature Review, and Critique. Journal of Business Ethics, pp.1-21. Salzmann, O., Ionescu-Somers, A. and Steger, U., 2005. The business case for corporate sustainability:: literature review and research options. European Management Journal, 23(1), pp.27-36. Schoeneborn, D. and Trittin, H., 2013. Transcending transmission: Towards a constitutive perspective on CSR communication. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 18(2), pp.193-211. Tsagas, G., 2012. Reflecting on the value of socially responsible practices post takeover of Cadburys PLC by Kraft foods inc: implications for the revision of the EU takeover directive. European Company Law, Kluwer Law International, Special Issue on CSR and SRI, 9(2), pp.70-80. Vries, G., Terwel, B.W., Ellemers, N. and Daamen, D.D., 2015. Sustainability or profitability? How communicated motives for environmental policy affect public perceptions of corporate greenwashing. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 22(3), pp.142-154.