Making Food Essay Sample Recommendations

Making Food Essay Sample RecommendationsFood and volunteer service is a great way to provide assistance to people in need. Whether you are a local business that wants to support the needy in your community or a community volunteer group, you can make food essay sample recommendations to ensure that you will be providing the necessary support. A great way to help out is to use a sample of your own resume to describe the type of work you do. By doing this, you can guarantee that people who are considering your services will read your resume to determine if they have a need for your service.Why Should You Volunteer? Volunteer work offers many benefits for your family. They include:There are also many reasons why you should strive to be well informed on the topic of volunteer work. As an example, you will want to understand more about the basic level of service needed. In order to take on this responsibility, you may need to provide some of the food and shelter for the person you are vol unteering for. The bottom line is that you will be contributing to a charity by serving as a volunteer.And of course the most important reason to volunteer is to assist people who are in need. Unfortunately, many people don't have enough time to do this all on their own. And while it can be extremely rewarding to meet people and get involved in the community, it can also be incredibly challenging and stressful. For these people, it is a wonderful option to volunteer your time in an effort to provide food, shelter, and other items to those who may otherwise not be able to receive such assistance.And what better way to learn about volunteering than through a food and volunteer service volunteer resume? Volunteers are able to give service to those who are less fortunate than they are. When it comes to food and volunteer service, there are many benefits that go along with making a contribution. One of the most important benefits is to make your business or organization look good and val uable.With a food and volunteer service resume, you can write about your experience, successes, and help given. Your service can include cooking, cleaning, and handling other services such as cooking, cleaning, serving, and packaging of food. While there are many things that you can list on a resume, here are a few examples.If you are considering making a food and volunteer service resumes, the only thing you need to do is to get the information. Remember that when you work in the field of helping others, you are giving back to society and helping to make our world a better place. By using this service, you are also giving your customer satisfaction with your business and organization.There are many free online resources that you can use to create a nice looking resume for food and volunteer service. Once you begin to provide service to others, you will be amazed at how many free services you will be able to offer others.

Essay Topics For College - Top Two Tips on Getting Started

<h1>Essay Topics For College - Top Two Tips on Getting Started</h1><p>The subject of an exposition is the primary spot an understudy should begin with regards to setting up a paper. Truth be told, there are subjects for school expositions that are consistently available.</p><p></p><p>Most understudies end up speechless when they start their venture. At the point when this occurs, many go to article composing administrations to assist them with traversing. This choice has worked for them time once more, and it merits considering for your own utilization as well.</p><p></p><p>The first thing you ought to do is search for a help that offers scholastic composing help. There are a few out there, however I would recommend that you utilize those that are explicitly intended for this reason. In addition to the fact that they are better at what they do, however they are additionally more affordable.</p><p></p> <p>A administration can assist you with deduction about your paper themes for school with incredible outcomes. For a certain something, they will permit you to compose your considerations with the goal that you don't meander aimlessly about subjects that you have just thought about to. They will likewise assist you with filling in the spaces of your task and truly ensure that your thought is viable.</p><p></p><p>A part of us disregard the course work. It is significant that your course work is analyzed intently so it is a decent match with your article theme. A considerable lot of the article composing administrations are amazing around there, and your task will be better for it.</p><p></p><p>Once you have picked an assistance, they will survey your exposition and draft a structure that permits you to make a framework for the subject of your paper. Your undertaking is to discover important and fascinating realities. These are uti lized to develop your contention. They are regularly found in numerous territories of your school's curriculum.</p><p></p><p>The most noteworthy bit of leeway of these administrations is that your paper subjects for school are not given to you. You should discover them yourself. Nonetheless, that is simpler said than done.</p><p></p><p>There are a lot of assets accessible for you with regards to article points for school. Investigate a couple of them, and see which ones intrigue to you. You ought to have the option to utilize the ones that are the most helpful to get your task completed.</p>

Essay Writing About a Film

Essay Writing About a Film'Writing an essay about a film' can be a difficult task, especially if you are unfamiliar with the field of film studies. This article will provide a quick overview of the role of films in general and how to write an essay about a film.As mentioned above, many famous movies have been released over the years. You might find yourself thinking that your opinion about these movies is relatively unique. Actually, the choice of the movie is a part of the character of the writer. Although, the genre of the writing generally reflects the personality of the author. Nonetheless, you will find that there are certain themes and subjects that are quite common in movies.Writing an essay about a film will require a focus on film theory and knowledge of how film films and documentaries are structured. For example, you should be able to understand plot points, characters, actions, locations, time, and so on. This knowledge can help you to use the information presented in the film to convey your points. However, you will find that, even after writing an essay about a film, the differences between a film and a documentary will not always be evident.Some of the points to consider when writing an essay about a film are the techniques used to create the final product. The goals of the author should also be considered, as well as the audience of the film. Generally, essays on documentaries are designed to make a wider audience aware of a certain topic or, in other words, to influence the public to have an opinion about something. On the other hand, essays on movies will, in most cases, only be a form of entertainment.When it comes to writing an essay about a film, it is important to remember that many movies can be viewed online. These videos will help to inform you of the points you made in the essay, as well as tocompare your points with other ideas and opinions. Many of the points you make can be easily changed once it is known what other ideas are floati ng around in the public's consciousness. This makes essay writing about movies a creative way to produce original knowledge and ideas.Aside from thinking about the idea of essay writing about a film, there are a few other ideas to consider before writing an essay about a film. First, it is important to define your topic, which may include making comparisons to other movies and subjects. The most important question to ask yourself is whether or not the ideas and statements you have in mind to fit within the rules of essay writing. If you have done enough research and have created enough of an outline for your essay, you should be fine. Otherwise, you should consult with a literary adviser and have them rewrite your essay for you.Writing an essay about a film can be a fun experience. It is a good way to gain some knowledge and learn about the art of essay writing. In most cases, you should take the time to really put some thought into what you have written and try to ensure that the e ssay flows logically and follows a general format. Otherwise, you will be doing just fine in class or at work, but for those who enjoy making their own films, you will certainly be making a statement about yourself.As long as you are aware of the types of essays that will be accepted, and those that will not, and as long as you know what your essay will consist of, then essay writing about a film should not be a problem. As long as you do your homework, you should be able to produce an essay that is sure to attract attention and allow you to get your point across. Finally, remember that essay writing about a film will probably not be an original idea, but this does not mean that you cannot create something new.

Social Issues - List For Students for Research

Social Issues - List For Students for ResearchThere are many different social issues that students can look into for research. When talking about students, they are not alone. Social issues research is very important to all adults when they are struggling with society's problems.If you are a student, you need to find out how much love there is in society. You should understand that all too often, society is ignored by almost everyone. We need to find ways to pay attention to those who need our love and give them a voice.In the ideal world, all children would have a family, and every family would be happily married and have a happy home life. In this world, most families have troubles, because people just do not seem to put much attention to others, and most likely are not much loving towards their family members.A group of children who have emotional problems can cause a lot of difficulty for the adults of the home. There are many couples who have trouble resolving their problems wit h their spouse. You need to find out the root of the problem so that you can give your spouse the support and attention that she needs to be able to deal with the problem. You need to offer your loved one the same type of love that you do to solve her problems.The next social issues list for students, you should keep in mind is the mental and emotional problem children in your home. Children sometimes act in a way that does not make a lot of sense, or at least they do not make sense to you. You need to be willing to learn about these issues so that you can do something about it.There are many adults who will judge a school child based on the actions of their parents. Be sure that you do not judge your child or let them learn all of the negative actions that you have seen in others.The last social issues list for students is learning about the effects of alcohol. The abuse of alcohol can be the cause of many emotional and mental problems in a person. You need to keep track of the way alcohol affects your children, even if you don't drink yourself.

Romanesque And Gothic Design Of Stained Glass - 1487 Words

There are few things as beautiful and striking at looking up at a stained glass window with the sun light shining through and illuminating the vibrant and jewel tone colors of the individual pieces of glass that make up the window. During the 12th and 13th centuries, there was an explosion in the number of stained glass windows created for churches through out Europe and Britain. Of both Romanesque and Gothic design, the proliferation of stained glass was a result of a variety of causes. The evolution of of the technical techniques needed to create stained glass windows, architectural advancements and religious needs and desires all contributed to the growth of stained glass during the 1100s and 1200s. Stained glass is glass that is colored or stained by metallic oxides or glass that have been painted on and then fused in a kiln. To produce a stained glass window, the artisan would first draw a life sized sketch or cartoon of the window. The glass itself was made by combining sand an d potash at temperatures around 3000 degrees. While the glass was still molten, it was colored by adding small amounts of metallic oxide powders. Copper oxides produced green or blue-green shades, cobalt would create a deep, rich blue and gold was used to produce a red-wine or violet colored glass. The colored molten glass would then be blown and flattened into sheets. After the glass had cooled, the artisan would place the pieces on the cartoon of the window and crack the glass into roughlyShow MoreRelatedThe Stained Glass And Verticality Of Gothic Churches1346 Words   |  6 Pagesas destruction by many, but it helped to produce growth in Gothic architecture. Many of Christianity’s beliefs are reflected in different aspects of art. The stained glass and verticality of Gothic churches is a key change from Romanesque style churches. The Gothic church found creative ways to illustrate images of important events in history through tapestry. Even the general shape and desig n of the Romanesque churches versus Gothic churches show Christians values. The sculptures outside ofRead MoreSaint Brigid s Centre For The Arts1657 Words   |  7 Pagesvault in the 1st century BC. Romanesque architecture has characteristically elements: Semi-circular arch, Barrel vaulting of the nave, thick buttress walls and Gothic architecture has three elements which came together in Gothic period: Pointed arch, Ribbed vault and Flying buttress. Among Architecture terms, a vault is an arch- shaped structure used to provide an enclosed space with a ceiling or roof of a building and is a unique element to analyze which architectural design was in history. There areRead MoreEssay about The Medieval Synthesis in the Arts 1023 Words   |  5 Pages(1000-1300) thirteen century Gothic Church. The Chartres Cathedral Church is one of the most important in France. After a fire in 1134 destroy the town of Chartres the west front of the cathedral. The rebuilding of the west facade between 1145-50. It was once known as Notre Dame de Chartres but today is known as Chartres Cathedral. This church has the essential parts of a Christian basilica. The cathedral is locates in the town of Chartres, Northwester France. It is one of three Gothic French architectureRead MoreAnalysis of the Romansque Style of Architecture1451 Words   |  6 PagesEconomics 7. Design Philosophy 8. Available construction materials, methods and technologies 9. Building typology 10. Movement Characteristics 11. Conclusion 12. References â€Æ' Architecture affirms the wealth and culture of a society. The Romanesque style is a little like Roman architecture. Gothic architecture structures were beautifully made and offered the light of the new world to be shared. Both styles can be regarded as revolutions in building styles. By comparing the Romanesque and Gothic ArchitecturalRead MoreRomanesque Cathedral And Gothic Cathedrals1257 Words   |  6 PagesWe’re looking at the difference between Romanesque cathedrals and Gothic cathedrals. I know you all are so excited to learn what a flying buttress is because I know I was. Spoiler alert, it is nothing like what it sounds like. It’s much more cool and innovative, which is what these two periods were all about. Taking knowledge from the past and improving it. After Charlemagne’s death in 814, a terrible and dark period of cultural decline and terror ensued. It took a long time for the terror to endRead MoreGothic Sculpture And Gothic Art1352 Words   |  6 PagesThe Gothic Sculpture had not been only a design of art but an exceptionally influential period formulated with its own intricate history. The word is utilized to spell it out buildings and items whose varieties are based after a variety of characteristics from the 12th to the end of the 15th century. Gothic style was a development of the Romanesque yet it was Renaissance humanists who first used it as a disparaging term to spell it out what they noticed as the barbaric structures. With Gothic sculptureRead More Gothic Arches Versus Romanesque Arches1185 Words   |  5 PagesThesis, Argument Outline, and Evidence In the late 12th century the Romanesque period of style morphed into the Gothic period of style. The Romanesque period was characterized by the following: thick walls, barrel/round arches, supporting groin vaults, and thick buttresses (Calkins 1998, 110). The Gothic period was characterized by the following: thin walls, pointed arches, stained glass, and flying buttresses (Icher 1998, 20-30). During the early medieval years, the use of thick walls in buildingRead MoreThe Cathedral Of Saint Etienne1275 Words   |  6 Pages According to Kloss (2005) the Romanesque style has been documented throughout Europe from the mid-eleventh century until the late twelfth century. Although the term Romanesque began with architectural innovations, it also refers to the same period encompassing sculpture, painting and other arts. As discussed by Kloss (2005) one of the earliest Romanesque churches, the Abbey of Saint-Etienne (begun1067) dedicated to Saint Stephen in Normandy, France was built by William the Conqueror. This isRead MoreGothic Cathedrals, Compare and Contrast Two846 Words   |  4 PagesGothic Cathedrals The Gothic style has been the root for some of mankind’s most beautiful works of art. It was introduced by the Romanesque style of building. Romanesque style only lasted for nearly one hundred years before the Gothic style replaced it entirely. Abbot Suger was the founder of the Gothic style. One great form of Gothic architecture was the Notre Dame de Chartres cathedral that was built in France between 1145 and 1513. Another form is the Bourges cathedral, located in BourgesRead MoreArchitectural Styles Of The Ottoman Empire993 Words   |  4 Pagesempires, namely the Byzantine, Iranian, and Islamic architectural styles. As a result, the Ottoman empire’s architectural style has resemblances with the Romanesque architecture, which is a blend of the ancient Roman and Byzantine architectures. And it also has similarities with the Gothic architecture which was heavily influenced by the Romanesque architecture and subsequently by the Renaissance architecture. However, a ll three of these architectural styles also have their differences due to individual

Open Disclosure of Software Vulnerabilities

Question: Discuss about the Open Disclosure of Software Vulnerabilities. Answer: Introduction Software vulnerability is any error that can be exploited by a hacker for compromising system or stealing data. Attacks can of different nature and can cause different levels of severity. Vulnerability once known is responded by the software developer by fixing it through release of a patch(Altinkemer, et al., 2004). Security vulnerabilities have caused a huge number of worms and viruses coming into the world and attackers exploiting these vulnerabilities are able to take some significant benefits by stealing money or confidential information about users and entities. These vulnerabilities are explored and reporting by security professionals so that remedies to counter these attacks can be found in advance to stop hackers from exploiting systems. These disclosures are made public in the marketplace which is open for all to reach. However, disclosure of security vulnerabilities on one side warn the users and software programmers to resolve them, on the other side, they also make the attackers attentive enough to act fast against vulnerabilities before they are taken care of(Cencini, et al., 2005). This paper explores different types of vulnerabilities that systems have different types of disclosures made, and different types of hackers to understand what positions they take in order to exploit the vulnerabilities as soon as they discover problems with software before their next versions could be launched. Research methods and approach Choice of research method depends on the objectives, philosophical assumptions of the researcher, availability of research data, availability of resources, availability of time, and the context of research(ML, 2004). As there is a lot of information already available on the subject of interest, thus, a secondary research would be used. Past research papers, journal articles, news articles, and academic papers would be studied and a critical analysis would be done using content analysis(Johnston, 2014). The research explored the types of vulnerabilities, the disclosure of vulnerabilities, types of hackers and the positions they take Vulnerabilities in software can be of two types including software defects that include design and coding flaws and configuration errors that include dangerous services and administrative errors. As per the Gartner study, 25% of the security attacks that become successful exploit software defects. These defects can be introduced when the design of software is unsafe. There could be instances when the software is not designed to face the exposure to the internet but when it actually happens, the software becomes vulnerable to the security threats. Such flaws should usually get discovered while performing requirement analysis, developing architecture, or while designing. If there are flaws in the software coding, it can cause issues like buffer overflow, non-random coding, and race conditions(K Telang, 2004). Configuration errors can occur when multiple software products are made to work together in such a manner that they cause vulnerabilities. As per the Gartner study, 65% of the security attacks that become successful exploit such configuration errors. At times, a software is configured in such a way that it allows those services to connect that do not meet the operational requirements of the system. This can cause malfunctioning of software(Arora, et al., 2003). Such flaws can be identified during quality assurance testing. However, subsequent changes made in software can still cause configuration errors at later stages. Configuration errors also include misconfigured access controls which can be the most dangerous threat to security in software as it let unauthorized users perform malicious activities by abusing privileges of legitimate users. Such flaws can be detected at the Quality Assurance stage but they usually appear only after the system becomes operational. Thus, it is essen tial that access policy compliance scans are regularly done(Pescatore, 2003). Vulnerabilities can also be classified on the basis of the stage of disclosure. A vulnerability can be called as secret when is never disclosed or patched. A published vulnerability is disclosed but not patched, and patched vulnerability would both be published and patched. A typical path of any kind of vulnerability goes from secret to published to patched. A research involving 2952 observations made over 9 weeks involving 328 different software vulnerabilities had found that 160 of the vulnerabilities were made public on the same day of discovery, 77 vulnerabilities had no patches made and 76 were patched later. The vulnerabilities that were published attracted 5.45 attacks every day per host while patched vulnerabilities attracted 2.5 attacks per host per day(Arora Telang, 2013). Microsoft defines a life cycle of software vulnerabilities beginning with its birth, followed by discovery, disclosure, correction, publicity, scripting, and death. Birth refers to the stage of development when the vulnerability is actually created. Vulnerabilities that are detected and then corrected before the deployment are not considered in the case. At discovery stage, a researcher or developer comes to know that the vulnerability exists in the software(Schryen, 2011). Once discovered, the vulnerability is disclosed to vendor, authority, developer or public. Vendor then analyzes the bug, fixes it, and releases the patch to the public. Once patch is released, the vulnerability is spread to public along with the patch. A tool is developed for exploitation of vulnerability in the scripting stage. After patching most systems, old systems may get retired or the exploit does not remain a subject of interest for hackers leading to the death of vulnerability(Arora, et al., 2006). Vulnerability disclosures can be classified into a few categories including non-disclosure, limited disclosure full disclosure, and responsible disclosures. When a security researcher finds out about vulnerability in software and instead of letting the information out keeps it a secret, it is an act of non-disclosure(Algarni Malaiya, 2014). The reason for non-disclosure could simply be laziness or a malicious intent to freely break into the system without having a need to implement patches. Such a hacker can share the information about vulnerability to other hacker which can compromise user security. If this happens, it can later lead to full-disclosures initiated by underground communities(Zhao, et al., 2015). When the software vulnerability is disclosed only to a limited audience and not a wider community or public, it is a limited disclosure. A small group is provided with the complete details of the vulnerability. The challenge in this type of disclosure is that it is difficult to determine who could be trusted as it is very difficult to enforce the ethical behaviour on the people it is disclosed to. The information disclosed in this type of disclosure is actually not much detailed and thus, there may not be a complete understanding of the structure of the flaw in the audience which can lead to repetition of same mistake by a developer in future. Thus, limited disclosure is often criticized y researchers(Hoskins, 2015). Full disclosure involves spreading of information to whole community with details like how it was found, what software it can affect, how it can be exploited, and how it can be protected from security attacks. This act is considered as ethical because one user is informed about the vulnerabilities through a community; they can disable the affected software in their machines to protect themselves. Such a move would also push software vendors to immediately notice the flaw and work on remedial actions. With full disclosure, the researcher also receives the credit immediately and this can be motivator security professionals(Wattal Telang, 2004). Over the years, there have been several policies proposed concerning disclosure such as full disclosure policy and vulnerability disclosure in 2000 by RFP and CERT respectively. A vulnerability disclosure framework was formed by NIAC in the year 2004. Full Disclosure policy by RFP focuses on researchers and advocates full disclosure of vulnerabilities to community. CET vulnerability disclosure suggests disclosure of vulnerability of any software to public but is against the full disclosure including details and exploit codes. The NIAC had advised building of a framework for defining the guidelines for disclosure. A disclosure policy is affected by how the participants in a disclosure respond including software vendors, hackers, and users as each of them would be affected in some way by the policy. If the disclosure is fast then the patches for filling vulnerability also comes faster from the vendor. An optimal disclosure policy can give more time to software developers to come up with patches. If patching is to be done in the real time, the vulnerability must never be disclosed except to the developers so that before a hacker identifies vulnerability, a patch can be released by the developer. If a disclosure is made instantly after discovery not followed by the launch of the patch, it can leads to a loss for the software vendor. CERT gives 45 days to developers to come up with patches before the disclosure is made public. In a typical disclosure process, a limited disclosure is done which begins with the discovery of vulnerability by a security researcher which s first communicated to the software vendor or an independent regulatory body like CERT which can later make the vulnerability public. In some cases, if full disclosure policy is used, the vulnerability can be directly disclosed to the public. This usually happens when researchers use public forums like Bugtraq for making disclosures(Telang Wattal, 2004). Three types hackers operate in the digital space each with some distinguishing characteristics and these include grey-hat hackers who are actually researchers, black hat hackers who violate the last of security to get personal gains and is often involved in selling zero-day vulnerability exploits, and white hat hackers who are ethical and use their skills for legal purposes. Grey-hat hackers when finds software vulnerability would simply disclose it without the concern of its consequences but a white hat hacker would do this disclosure to the developer so that the developer can fix the vulnerability to prevent attacks(A, 2004). The White hat and grey-hat hackers are involved in making disclosures of vulnerabilities. While grey-hat hackers use forums as platforms for disclosures, White-hat hackers are those ethical hackers that can involved by security organizations themselves to identify vulnerabilities and make limited disclosures. Vulnerability disclosure appears to be an important activity in the security space as it would make the users or developers aware of the issues and take precautions or launch fixes to remediate the security problem. Four types of disclosure approaches were found including no disclosure, limited disclosure, full disclosure, and responsible disclosure. Depending on the types of vulnerabilities and the capacity of the vendor to launch the patches would be useful in determine which approach to take. A real time patching system may require a company to not make any disclosure and directly release patches. A disclosure policy may be formulated by an organization such that the process of disclosure can be formalized and organized(SANS, 2017). There could be three possible regimes that are followed for making disclosures of vulnerabilities by software firms. A firm may choose to not disclose any of the vulnerabilities or issue any updates. Another firm may choose to disclose all vulnerabilities and release update as soon as possible after that. A firm can also adapt to an existing disclosure policy. Whatever is the policy of disclosure, it has to be communicated to the consumer at the time of the purchase of the software from the vendor(Choi, et al., 2007). Conclusions The paper explored the idea of disclosure of software vulnerabilities. The paper discussed different types of vulnerabilities, hackers, and disclosures. It was found that most companies define a policy for disclosure which can either be self-developed or adopted from security bodies like CERT. The type of disclosure to be made depends on the capacity of vendor to launch patches and the level of threat caused by vulnerability. References A, A., 2004. Whose Bug Is It Anyway? The Battle over Handling Software Flaws, s.l.: IEEE Software. Algarni, A. Malaiya, Y., 2014. Software vulnerability markets: Discoverers and buyers. International Journal of Computer, Information Science and Engineering, 8(3), pp. 71-81. Altinkemer, K., Rees, J. Sridhar, S., 2004. Vulnerabilities and Patches of Open Source Software: An Empirical Study, s.l.: Purdue University . Arora, A., Caulkins, J. Telang, R., 2003. Provision of Software Quality in the Presence of Patching Technology, s.l.: Carnegie Mellon University. Arora, A., Krishnan, R., Telang, R. Yang, Y., 2006. An Empirical Analysis of Software Vendors Patching Behavior: Impact of Vulnerability Disclosure, s.l.: Carnegie Mellon University. Arora, A. Telang, R., 2013. Economics of Software Vulnerability Disclosure , s.l.: Carnegie Mellon University. Cencini, A., Yu, K. Chan, T., 2005. Software Vulnerabilities: Full-, Responsible-, and Non-Disclosure , s.l.: University of Washington. Choi, J. P., Fershtman, C. Gandal, N., 2007. Network Security: Vulnerabilities and Disclosure Policy, s.l.: Michigan State University. Hoskins, B. N., 2015. The Rhetoric of Commoditized Vulnerabilities: Ethical Discourses in Cybersecurity , s.l.: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University . Johnston, M. P., 2014. Secondary Data Analysis:A Method of which the Time Has Come. Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Libraries (QQML), Volume 3, pp. 619-626. K, K. Telang, R., 2004. Market for Software Vulnerabilities? Think Again, s.l.: Carnegie Mellon University. ML, J., 2004. Application of systematic review methods to qualitative research: practical issues., s.l.: Pub Med. Pescatore, J., 2003. Taxonomy of Software Vulnerabilities, s.l.: Gartner, Inc. SANS, 2017. How do we define Responsible Disclosure?, s.l.: SANS Institute. Schryen, G., 2011. Is open source security a myth?. Communications of the ACM, 54(5), pp. 130-140. Telang, R. Wattal, S., 2004. Impact of Software Vulnerability Announcements on the Market Value of Software Vendors an Empirical Investigation, s.l.: Heinz School of Public Policy. Wattal, S. Telang, R., 2004. Effect of Vulnerability Disclosures on Market Value of Software Vendors An Event Study Analysis , s.l.: Carnegie Mellon University . Zhao, M., Grossklags, J. Liu, P., 2015. An Empirical Study of Web Vulnerability Discovery Ecosystems, s.l.: Pennsylvania State University.

Labour Market Issues in Saudi Arabia

In today’s business environment, globalisation has created many challenges in the hospitality industry particularly how to manage the increasing culturally diverse workforce.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Labour Market Issues in Saudi Arabia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Diversity has become a significant factor in the human resource management of the tourism industry as tourist organisations across the globe have become more diverse as a result of differences in race, culture, ethnicity, national origin as well as dispositions and personal characteristics in the workforce (Baum, Devine Hearns 2009, 1). Managing diversity in a workplace requires that the workforce comprise of diverse population which includes both the visible as well as the non-visible differences so as to harness such differences to create a productive working environment where each individual feels valued and free to engage their t alents in contributing towards the organisational goal (UNESCO 1999, 23). The cultural diversity in Saudi Arabia has had a huge impact on the country’s labor market. The essay is therefore an attempt to assess labour market issues in Saudi Arabia. In particular, the essay examines how cultural diversity in Saudi Arabia has impacted on its workforce. The benefits attained by the labour market and organisations in Saudi Arabia due to cultural diversity are addressed, in addition to an examination of the challenges facing the success of cultural diversity in the workplace. Finally, the essay suggests various solutions that could help improve cultural diversity in the workplace in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabian culture is built around strict Islamic religion as well as ancient social customs which often clash with modern technical realities (Needle 2004, 76). The country has increasingly relied on the foreign workforce particularly in the private sector such that about 60% of its wo rkforce is foreign (Al-Dosary, Shahid Rahman 2005, 1).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Most of their foreign workforce is from Pakistan, India, Philippines, Kuwait, Sri Lanka and the East European countries like the UK, Germany and France (Guirdham 2005, p.5). Diversity in the workforce within the hospitality industry in Saudi Arabia enables the hospitality organizations effectively provide for customers from a wide social as well as economic spectrum. The country’s tourism industry has majorly depended on pilgrimage season (Gatrell Kreiner 2006, 765). Diversity within the hospitality organizations in Saudi Arabia has significantly changed the behavior of the native Saudis. Generally, Arabs undertake their tasks in less hurry and are not very active during the day in the month of Ramadan; this has sometimes affected their service delivery. Inclusion of employees fro m other countries especially the Christian countries enable them achieve continuous functioning and speed in service delivery in the hospitality industry. Foreign workers in the industry have made it possible and easier for tourism organizations to provide for religious tourism especially for the large number of Muslims who travel for the Hajj. They provide the workforce needed during the month of Ramadan as well as for the leisure tourists (Gatrell Kreiner 2006, 769). Diversity in the workforce within the hospitality industry in Saudi Arabia enhances quality service to customers as it gives them the capacity to understand the cultural diversity among customers (UNESCO 1999, 37). Managers are therefore better placed to identify the uniqueness of customers from different countries or regions in terms of styles, practices, expectations as well as processes. With this knowledge, they can adapt complex ways of dealing with the various visitors that tour Saudi Arabia including the domes tic tourists.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Labour Market Issues in Saudi Arabia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They are also able to avoid stereotyping of cultures. According to Henderson Sadi (n.d, 95) the international tourists have been increasing at the rate of 4.3% and the trend is predicted to increase. This has been attributed by many factors and among them being workforce diversity in the tourism industry (Mustafa 2010, 46). Cultural diversity enhances marketing research for the tourist organizations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Managers also use the cultural framework to manage the workforce. It is used to enhance cross-cultural training in the workforce to develop skills and provide experience which can enable them better meet the expectations of the culturally diverse customers. The training has been used in most hospitality organizations in Saudi Arabia to develop culturally-sensitive workfo rce that is able to effectively deliver services to the culturally diverse customers that they meet everyday. Diversity in the workforce has enabled the hospitality industry to adopt flexible labour strategies particularly in the tourism industry. The foreign workers provide the necessary public relations needed to neutralise the fears expressed by the international communities especially towards the Arab countries concerning security matters (Saudi Commission for Tourism Antiquities 2010, 5). According to Henderson and Sadi (n.d, 98) selling to non-Muslims internationally has become quite challenging mainly because of cultural sensitivity (Henderson Sadi n.d. 98) In terms of social composition, the main ethnic group in Saudi Arabia is the Arabs, who constitute 90 percent of the population. The remaining 10percent is made up of the Afro-Asians (Al-Dosary, Shahid Rahman 2005, p. 2). The county is 100 percent Islam.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More All the citizens of Saudi Arabia speak Arabic, as well as about half of all the immigrants in the country. The Koranic, modern standard and high literary classical Arabic finds use in religious rituals, prayers, lectures, poetry, broadcasts, speeches, and written communication (Al-Dosary, Shahid Rahman 2005, p. 2). With regard to architecture, in 1950, approximately 40 percent of Saudi’s population led a nomadic life. As such, tents were the main residence, in otherwise highly dispersed patterns. The population led a nomadic form of life, moving from one place to another in search of pasture and water for their animals. The other 40 percent of the Saudis led an agricultural life, in the rural areas. Only 20 percent of the population lived in the old cite of Medina, Mecca, Taif, Jeddah, and Riyadh. However, by 1992, two thirds of the Saudi population lived in the urban areas. This was as a result of major changes that were taking place in the Saudi Arabia, buoyed by rapid exp ansion of the oil industry (Guirdham 2005, 56). Older cities expanded very rapidly, and new ones sprung up very fast. The new cities in Saudi Arabia are a sharp contrast of the old cities. The local citizens and guest workers in Saudi Arabia are characterized by a key social division. Temporary immigrants form the largest part of the working class. This is the same group that occupies few positions in the Saudi’s upper class, with the rest occupying the middle-class positions (Guirdham 2005, 57). The different social classes in Saudi Arabia experiences diversity in terms of wealth accumulation. Individuals across diverse social divides share common beliefs, practices, and attitudes. This common sharing is further strengthened by the strong religious and kinship ties in society. The nature of employment relationship in Saudi Arabia is unique. As the number of foreign workers increase in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the private sector including the tourism industry have been ab le to diversify their operations and nature of jobs as organizations hire workforce from different regions and societies who come from different backgrounds and with different attitudes (Pizam 1978, 10). The tourist organizations as well as other organizations respect the diverse cultures and have put in place policies and strategies which ensure that employees from different backgrounds work hand in hand no matter their cultural beliefs. In an attempts to effectively handle cultural diversity in employment, the government mostly employs local managers to run public organizations including parks and to manage the locals and the firms in an efficient manner. In private organizations, foreign workers are employed on the accounting approach so that they can deal with performance management, systems as well as control of individual’s activities to enhance efficiency of the organizations (Guirdham 2005, 57). The mission statement of most tourist organizations in Saudi Arabia artic ulates their commitment to diversity in the workforce as well as the customers they serve. Individuals are designed roles which enable them utilise their cultural expertise to achieve the organisational goals. The co-workers are aware of the cultural diversity that exist in the workplace and are therefore respectful of that (Gee 1997, 32). Cultural diversity has enhanced social cultural exchange as well as understanding among employees and different committees during their meetings (Gee 1997, 32). This has helped in preserving the cultural identity of the Saudis. There are a number of challenges that face the issue of cultural diversity in Saudi Arabia. Human resource management practices in Saudi Arabia are heavily influenced by religion as well as tribal and family relationships. This limits the ability of foreign workers to provide their all to the organizations particularly in decision making. The Saudi cultures also limit women’s participation in workplaces or even in ac quiring employment opportunities. Tribal and family’s influence in the workplace create authoritarianism to foreign workers as well as to other tribes which are not members of the tribe or clan. The tribal culture of Islam also limits their tolerance to new ideas or initiatives in the workplace. Exploitation of oil in Saudi Arabia has led to increasing influx of foreign workers in the country seeking to get employment opportunities. According to Al-Dosary, Shahid Rahman (2005, 1) about 60% of Saudi Arabia’s workforce is foreign, but at the same time, Saudi Arabia experiences unemployment rate of about 30%. This has made the government rethink its strategy on employing foreign workforce. The government announced in 2003 that it will have had a significant cut on foreign workers by 2013. This has started limiting the number of foreign employees in organizations and thus reducing the level of cultural diversity in the workforce. The influx of foreign workers has also aff ected the salaries and wages paid to workers in Saudi Arabia. Foreign workers provide cheap labour as compared to the salaries demanded by the Saudis themselves. Foreign workers who have come from countries of lower economies easily accept these salaries; however, managers from Saudi Arabia and Oman demand higher salaries. Besides, the government has increased the cost of work visas as a strategy for limiting the number of foreign workers. This has raised the cost of maintaining foreign workers thereby impacting on the advantages which come with cultural diversity in the workplace. In addition to that, the increasing high cost of living also affects foreign workers stay in the country thereby reducing the level of cultural diversity in the workplaces (Pizam 1978, 12). (Pizam 1978, 12). On the basis of the foregoing arguments of the essay, a number of recommendations have been arrived at. First, there is need to educate the Saudis on the importance of national integration and respect for different cultures in order to achieve cultural diversity which is able to drive business organisations to greater levels. The awareness should be aimed at helping them overcome tribal and clan/family considerations in workplaces. Saudis have to learn to separate some aspects of their religion in the workforce so that they can effectively deal with gender diversity in the workforce and also be more receptive to creative ideas that employees contribute in the running of organisations. It is also important that the government develops mechanisms for dealing with the disparity that exists in the workforce in terms of the ratio of foreign workers to local workers. The locals have to be given more employment opportunities to help combat the increasing poverty levels in the nation. In conclusion, cultural diversity has significantly improved the tourism industry in Saudi Arabia. It has provided the necessary expertise needed to drive the industry into the global economy. The private sector has achieved efficiency that the government has also borrowed in public organizations. However, tribal and family relationships pose negative challenges that the country needs to overcome in order to realize greater cultural diversity in the workforce. Reference List Al-Dosary, A. S., Shahid, M., Rahman, S. M., 2005, An integrated approach to combat unemployment in the Saudi labor market. Journal of Societal Social Policy, 4(2): 1-18. 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(2004) Business in context. London: Thomson. P. 76. Pizam, A. 1978. Tourist impacts: The social costs to the destination community as perceived by its Residents. Journal of Travel Research, 16(4), 8-12. Chicago: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers Saudi Commission for Tourism Antiquities, 2010, Tourism investment in Saudi Arabia. Riyadh: SCTA. P. 5. UNESCO., 1999, Tourism and culture: Rethinking the mix. The UNESCO Courier, (July-August issue): 21-56. Florida: Harcourt Brace College Publishers This essay on Labour Market Issues in Saudi Arabia was written and submitted by user Shania S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.